Kesar, also known as saffron, is the world’s most expensive spice, treasured for its unique flavour, aroma, and medicinal properties. It has a rich history and is an essential ingredient in many culinary traditions, especially in India, where Kashmiri Mongra saffron holds a special place. But have you ever wondered how kesar is made? From its painstaking cultivation to the intricate process of drying, the journey of saffron is as fascinating as the spice itself.
In this article, we'll explore the intricate process of how kesar is made, along with insights into Kashmiri Mongra saffron, its benefits, and the different ways to use this prized spice. Let’s dive into the world of kesar!
Kashmiri Mongra Saffron: A Closer Look
Varieties of Kashmiri Saffron
Kashmiri saffron is known for its exceptional quality, and there are three primary varieties:
- Laccha: Consists of saffron threads tied together in a bundle.
- Mongra: The most premium variety, consisting only of the red part of the stigma.
- Zarda: Contains both the red stigma and some yellow parts.
Why Kashmiri Mongra Saffron is the Best
Mongra saffron stands out for its deep red colour, powerful aroma, and high concentration of crocin, the compound responsible for its strong colouring power. Grown in the unique climate of Pampore, Kashmir, it is considered the finest saffron in the world. The meticulous process of hand-picking and drying makes Mongra saffron not only valuable but also rare.
Read more about Saffron in Ayurveda
How is Kesar Made?
The process of making kesar is laborious and time-consuming. From cultivation to the final product, each step requires precision and care.
Cultivation of Saffron
Saffron is grown in specific climates where the temperature variation is ideal for the plant. In India, the region of Pampore in Kashmir is famous for its saffron fields. The saffron crocus is planted in June or July, and the flowers bloom in late October or early November.
Harvesting the Saffron Stigmas
Each saffron flower contains only three delicate stigmas, which must be handpicked. The harvesting process is extremely labour-intensive, as these stigmas are fragile and need to be separated from the flower with care. It takes approximately 150 saffron flowers to produce just one gram of saffron!
Drying and Curing Process
Once harvested, the stigmas are dried to preserve their flavour, aroma, and colour. Traditional methods involve drying the threads over a low flame or in sunlight. This process must be done carefully to avoid burning the threads, as it directly affects the quality of the saffron.
Grading and Sorting the Saffron
After drying, the saffron is graded based on its colour, aroma, and overall quality. Mongra saffron, with its intense red hue and sweet fragrance, is considered the highest grade, while lower grades may contain more yellow or broken threads.
How to Identify Original Kesar
With the high price of saffron, many counterfeit products exist. To identify original kesar:
- Look at the Colour: Authentic saffron will have a deep red hue with slightly lighter tips.
- Smell the Aroma: Real saffron has a sweet, earthy aroma.
- Taste Test: Pure saffron will taste slightly bitter, not sweet.
- Water Test: Place a few threads in water. Genuine saffron will slowly release a golden hue without turning mushy.
Kesar Benefits: More than Just a Spice
Kesar is not just a culinary delight but a powerhouse of health benefits. Ancient texts, including Ayurveda, highlight the healing properties of saffron, and modern science is increasingly recognising its value.
Rich in Antioxidants
Saffron contains powerful antioxidants like crocin, picrocrocin, and safranal. These compounds play a vital role in protecting your cells from oxidative stress, which can lead to premature ageing and chronic diseases like heart disease and cancer. "Crocin", in particular, is responsible for saffron’s golden colour and has been shown to have strong anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects, which are crucial for overall well-being.
Improves Mood and Fights Depression
Saffron is often called the "sunshine spice" because of its mood-lifting properties. Studies have shown that saffron can increase serotonin levels in the brain, which helps combat depression, anxiety, and stress. Regular consumption of saffron, either through food or supplements, has been linked to a reduction in symptoms of mild-to-moderate depression, comparable to some pharmaceutical drugs, but without the side effects. Saffron tea or milk can be an excellent natural remedy to uplift your spirits.
Boosts Memory and Cognitive Function
Crocin, one of the main active compounds in saffron, has shown promising results in enhancing memory and cognitive function. Research indicates that saffron can slow down age-related mental decline and may even have benefits for individuals suffering from Alzheimer’s disease. By improving brain function, saffron can also help in enhancing focus and reducing mental fatigue.
Eases PMS and Menstrual Discomfort
For women, saffron offers significant relief from menstrual pain, mood swings, and irritability. Studies suggest that consuming saffron or simply inhaling its aroma can reduce symptoms of PMS (Premenstrual Syndrome). The spice is thought to balance hormones like serotonin, which can alleviate both physical pain and emotional instability during the menstrual cycle.
Wondering why Kesar is so expensive? Check out this video which explains just that!
Supports Heart Health
Saffron is also known to benefit cardiovascular health. The antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds present in kesar help reduce cholesterol levels and prevent the hardening of arteries. Regular consumption of saffron has been linked to lower blood pressure and a reduced risk of heart attacks.
Improves Digestion
Saffron has long been used in traditional medicine to promote digestive health. It helps stimulate digestion by increasing bile production and reducing acidity, which can aid in alleviating indigestion, gas, and bloating. In fact, adding a pinch of saffron to milk or tea after meals can work wonders for your digestive system.
Aids in Better Sleep
Saffron milk is a traditional remedy for insomnia and sleep disorders. Saffron’s calming properties help reduce anxiety and induce relaxation, making it easier to fall asleep. Drinking a warm glass of kesar milk before bedtime can help you unwind after a long day and promote deep, restful sleep.
Helps with Weight Management
Saffron may help in controlling appetite and reducing cravings, making it easier to manage weight. Some studies have shown that saffron extract can reduce snacking between meals, potentially aiding in weight loss when combined with a balanced diet.
Promotes Glowing Skin
Kesar is rich in antioxidants and vitamins, which can do wonders for your skin. Its anti-inflammatory and antiseptic properties make it an excellent choice for treating acne, pigmentation, and blemishes. Applying a mixture of saffron and milk or rose water on the face can help achieve a natural glow. Consuming saffron-infused milk regularly can also result in clear, radiant skin from the inside out, thanks to its ability to detoxify the blood and reduce skin inflammation.
Check out this artcile on the Health Benefits of Saffron.
Kesar in Culinary Traditions
Kesar is cherished across various cultures, particularly in Indian, Persian, and Mediterranean cuisines. Its unique blend of delicate floral notes, earthy warmth, and a slight bitterness adds an unparalleled depth to both sweet and savoury dishes.
Saffron in Indian Sweets and Desserts
In Indian cuisine, kesar is synonymous with luxury and celebration. Its use in desserts not only elevates the flavour but also adds a visual appeal with its beautiful golden hue. Here are some classic Indian dishes where kesar plays a pivotal role:
- Kheer (Rice Pudding): A rich and creamy dessert made with milk, rice, sugar, and a pinch of saffron. The saffron threads are soaked in warm milk before being added, giving the dish its signature fragrance and golden colour.
- Gulab Jamun: These deep-fried milk-based dumplings are often flavoured with saffron and cardamom, adding a sophisticated touch to an already indulgent treat.
- Shrikhand: A creamy, thickened yoghurt dessert infused with saffron, cardamom, and sometimes dried fruits, making it a favourite in Gujarati and Maharashtrian households.
- Halwa: Saffron takes this simple wheat or semolina-based dessert to the next level, making it more fragrant and luxurious, especially when garnished with dry fruits.
Saffron in Savoury Dishes
Kesar also plays a crucial role in a variety of savoury dishes. Its ability to add both flavour and a rich golden colour makes it a must-have spice in premium recipes:
- Biryani: No biryani is complete without saffron. After being soaked in warm water or milk, the saffron is drizzled over the rice, creating golden streaks that enhance the visual appeal and taste of the dish. It lends a subtle sweetness and warmth that complements the robust spices of the dish.
- Kesar Pulao: This fragrant rice dish uses saffron as the primary flavouring agent, combined with nuts and raisins for a sweet-savory combination that pairs well with rich curries.
- Saffron Sauce: In European cuisines, saffron is often used in creamy sauces or broths to accompany seafood dishes like bouillabaisse or paella, where its earthy tones complement the delicate flavours of seafood.
- Saffron Soup: Whether it’s a traditional Persian soup or a Mediterranean fish stew, saffron adds depth and warmth to broths and soups, creating a rich and aromatic experience.
Beyond Cooking: Saffron Drinks
Kesar isn’t just for solid dishes; it is also the star ingredient in many luxurious beverages.
- Saffron Tea: In the Middle East, saffron tea is a popular drink, often served with a bit of honey or lemon. The soothing tea is believed to offer relaxation and calmness.
- Kesar Thandai: This traditional Indian drink made during festivals like Holi blends saffron with milk, nuts, and spices to create a refreshing and aromatic beverage.
- Golden Kesar Milk: A popular drink in Ayurvedic tradition, saffron milk is known for its soothing qualities and is often consumed at night for better sleep.
How to Make Kesar Milk
Step-by-Step Recipe for Kesar Milk
- Ingredients: A pinch of saffron threads, 1 glass of milk, 1 tablespoon of sugar (optional), and chopped almonds or pistachios.
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Preparation:
- Warm the milk in a pan.
- Add the saffron threads and stir.
- Let it simmer for 5 minutes to allow the saffron to infuse.
- Add sugar if desired.
- Garnish with dry fruits and serve warm.
How to Use Kesar in Milk: Different Variations
You can add additional flavours like cardamom or cinnamon to enhance the taste of kesar milk. For a richer texture, use almond or cashew milk.
Conclusion
Kesar, or saffron, is a truly unique spice, with a rich history, exceptional flavour, and numerous health benefits. From the delicate process of harvesting to its many uses in culinary and medicinal traditions, kesar holds a special place in many cultures. Whether you're using it in your food or skincare routine, the benefits of kesar are undeniable.
FAQs
What is the difference between Mongra and Laccha saffron?
Mongra consists of the pure red stigmas, while Laccha includes the entire stigma tied in a bundle.
Can saffron help with health issues like insomnia?
Yes, saffron has been known to promote relaxation and improve sleep quality.
How long does saffron last?
When stored properly, saffron can last up to 2-3 years without losing its potency.
Is kesar good for pregnancy?
Yes, saffron is often recommended during pregnancy to improve digestion and mood, but it should be consumed in moderation.
How much kesar should I use in a day?
A small pinch (around 5-7 threads) is usually enough for culinary purposes or health benefits.